A critical shortage of vets could threaten America’s food supply
(InvestigateTV) — A silent crisis is unfolding across America’s heartland.
The veterinarians tasked with protecting the nation’s livestock, and by extension, its food supply, are a dwindling force, creating a critical gap in the first line of defense against disease and food insecurity.
For Dr. Rachel Miner, a mixed-animal veterinarian in eastern Kansas, a 60-mile drive to a farm call isn’t unusual. It has become a reality of the job.
She treats everything from household pets to herds of 1,500 cattle, understanding that her work is about more than just animal welfare.
“We’re not only taking care of the animal, but we’re providing for the industry,” Dr. Miner explains. “And the industry that is, supplies us, beef, pork, chicken, all those things.”
But veterinarians like Dr. Miner are becoming increasingly rare. A 2023 Johns Hopkins report reveals a staggering statistic: since the end of World War II, the U.S. has lost 90% of its food-animal vets. The U.S. government has now designated official “shortage areas” in 46 out of 50 states, where a small number of vets are responsible for a massive number of animals.
The consequences are dire. In a two-county area in New Mexico, a single veterinarian is responsible for 40,000 cattle. In Pike County, Illinois, the number of full-time vets has plummeted from five to just one, serving 1,000 farms. The Illinois Department of Agriculture reports that cattle have died simply because veterinary services were not available in time.
The High Cost of a Shrinking Workforce
The shortage has profound implications for the safety and stability of America’s food supply. “It’s absolutely critical,” says Brad White, Director of the Beef Cattle Institute at Kansas State University’s College of Veterinary Medicine. He stresses that healthy livestock, cared for by veterinarians, are essential to protecting both the animals and the people who depend on them.
Without enough vets to monitor herds, vaccinate against illness, and respond to outbreaks, the risk of widespread disease increases. The 2022 bird flu outbreak serves as a stark reminder. As the virus swept through poultry farms, millions of chickens were culled to prevent its spread, causing egg prices to skyrocket by 96% in one year. While the vet shortage didn’t cause the outbreak, experts say robust veterinary care is key to preventing and containing such events.
Several factors are driving vets away from rural, large-animal practices. The cost of veterinary school can run into the hundreds of thousands of dollars, yet salaries in rural areas are often lower than those for small-animal vets in cities. The work is also physically and mentally demanding, with long hours and extensive travel.
“It can be exhausting, especially in those shortage areas, because you don’t have another veterinarian beside yourself,” says Bryant Karlin, a student at K-State’s veterinary college.
Investing in a Solution
To combat the crisis, federal and state governments are stepping in with solutions aimed at easing the financial burden. The federal Veterinary Medicine Loan Repayment Program offers up to $25,000 in student loan reimbursement for vets who commit to working in a designated shortage area for at least three years. However, the program is highly competitive, with fewer than half of applicants receiving the award each year.
Seeing the need, institutions like Kansas State University have created their own localized incentives. K-State’s program forgives 25% of a graduate’s loan for each year they practice in rural Kansas, for up to four years. The results are promising.
“There’s been 93% of them that have completed their four-year obligation,” says White. “More importantly, 15 years going, 83% of them are in rural practice in Kansas today. So they’re staying.”
For students like Emma McClurg, who grew up in a rural area, the program provides peace of mind and a path to serve her community. “I have witnessed a lot of people, especially when they have emergencies, have to drive an hour or more to get the help that they need,” she says. “That’s something that’s definitely made an impact on my decision.”
Despite these efforts, the challenge remains immense. The American Veterinary Medical Association reported that the number of mixed and food-animal vets shrank by another 15% in 2023. While programs like K-State’s are a vital step, experts agree that a broader, sustained effort is needed to ensure the health of America’s livestock and the security of the food on its tables.
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